Standardized Choropleth Maps

http://www.directionsmag.com/newsletters/view/new-at-directions-magazine-wednesday-digest-july-21-2004/129148

Standardized choropleth are maps that show several types of data within one graph. They show values indicated by a specific color of shades of the same color. They also show standardized data. The standardized data shown on the graph above are the Regional Health Units (Counties of Southern Ontario) which are indicated by specific numbers. The graph shows the potential years in life lost to prostate cancer within each county.

Correlation Matrix

http://www.psychstat.missouristate.edu/multibook/mlt06m.html

According to thefreedictionary.com Correlation Matrices are "a rectangular array of quantities or expressions set out by rows and columns; treated as a single element and manipulated according to rules." From the definition, a Correlation Matrix is simply a graph that shows a relationship between two or more variables. It's very similar to a Similarity matrix except it compares more than two variables. The graph above shows the success of graduate students by comparing their intellectual ability, spatial ability, and work ethic.

Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/correlation+matrix
 

Similarity Matrix

http://www.lonestarbands.com/bmi.asp


Similarity Matrices are charts that show a correlation between two variables. The chart above shows the relationship between weight and height which is an indicator for BMI or body mass index.

Stem & Leaf Plot

http://emj.bmj.com/content/20/5/459.full

Stem and leaf plots are graphs that summarize distribution of data within a graph. They're very similar to histograms with the exception that stem and leaf plots contain more data and explains the data. These graphs are used when a lot of numerical data is used. The graph above is example of how a stem and leaf plot is shown. This graph doesn't incorporate any specific data from research but simply shows what a stem and leaf plot should look like.

Box Plot

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/boxplot.htm

Box plot is a visual summarization of data using the "five number summery." The five number summary includes; minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum. These graphs also indicate outliers with the data. The graph above show a relationship between 4 machines and their energy output. Machine number 3 has the highest energy output as opposed to machine number with the least.

Histogram

http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/02/28/a-look-at-4-globaltemperature-anomalies/

Histograms are graphs or charts that show data in a visual presentation. A histogram incorporates the use of vertical bars to show a comparison between two variables. In the chart above, it shows a comparison between cool and warm temperatures.

Parallel Coordinate Graph

http://vis.lbl.gov/Vignettes/Drosophila/index.html

Parallel Coordinate Graph are graphs that are used to show analyzed statistical variables in one graph. The graph above show a relationsgip between all cells and nine selected genes within the body. The graph is in 3D and shows the different genes and its location within the embryo. As one can see, certain genes are located in different areas in the embryo.

Triangle Plot

http://www.dplot.com/triangle-plot.htm

Triangle plots are a graph or map that represents three variables. Most triangle plots are seen in chemistry and mineralogy. The graph above shows three variables; sand, clay, and slit. The graph also shows the composition of the soil by comparing the level of each part within the soil.

Windrose

http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/17748-windrose

Windroses are tools that meteorologist use to show wind speed and direction in a given area. The map above show the majority of the wind coming out of the South Southwest at 20-25 mph or knots.

Climograph

http://akinspreapbiology.pbworks.com/w/page/30857009/Nutall%208th%20period%20Glaveston%20Wetland

Climographs are maps in graphical form that show monthly precipitation and temperature for specific areas. The map above shows both rainfall and temperature for Corpus Cristi, Texas. August, September, and October depict the highest rate of rainfall. June and July depict the highest temperatures.

Population Profile

http://2010.census.gov/2010census/

According to dictionary.com, a Population profile is a "a chart showing the number of people as a function of their age." A Population Profile is simply a chart that visually shows the number of people and their specific ages in a given area. The chart or map above features population by sex and age in District of Columbia in 2010.

Source: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/population+profile

Scatterplot

http://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/housing-lock-is-not-a-major-component-of-this-crisis-plus-scatterplots-of-deleveraging/

A scatterplot is a way to show a relationship between two variables. The map above represents the relationship between households more than 50% underwater and unemployment rate.

Nominal Area Choropleth Map

http://politicalmaps.org/2008-house-of-representatives-election-maps/

Nominal Area Choropleth Map are maps that shows categorical data rather than numerical data. The elements of a choropleth map are used within these maps to separate the data being shown. The map above shows U.S House winners by district during the 2008 Election.

Accumulative Line Graph / Lorenz Curve

 


http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/19968


According to Wikipedia, "In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the cumulative distribution function of the empirical probability distribution of wealth; it is a graph showing the proportion of the distribution assumed by the bottom y% of the values. It is often used to represent income distribution, where it shows for the bottom x% of households, what percentage y% of the total income they have." The graph above features the percentage of the population from the poorer to the richer comparing the wealth. The blue line (Lorenz Curve) represents income distribution.

Source Wikipedia & Sullivan, arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 349. ISBN 0-13-063085-3.

Bilateral Graph

http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/4997

Bilateral Graphs are graphs that so positive and negative values within the data set. The map above shows bilateral trade balances with China (percent of GDP). Some balances are negative, like The United States and others are positive, like Japan.

Univariate Choropleth Maps

http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2002/Ag_Atlas_Maps/Crops_and_Plants/index.asp

Univariate Choropleth Maps are simply choropleth maps that show only one data set. In the map above, it features acres of corn harvested in 2002.

Proportional Circle Map

http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/gis/proportional_symbols.html

Proportional Circle maps are maps that represent data with the use of different sized circles. The map above  is interent users in Europe in 2004. I believe one can conclude that there are a larger number of people who use the interest in Germany. The larger the circle the larger number of whatever is being measured, in this case interent users.

Unclassed Choropleth Maps

http://gis.depaul.edu/shwang/teaching/geo381/LN9.htm

Unclassed Choropeth are maps that use shading of colors to represent proportional data without the use of a legend. The photo above shows both classed (left) and unclassed (right) choropeth maps. It is noticeable that the map on the right doesn't have a legend and consists of more colors (shades of green).

Range Graded Proportional Circle Map

http://www.e-cartouche.ch/content_reg/cartouche/cartdesign/en/html/ThemMaps_ThemData.html

Range graded proportional circle map are very similar to Continuously variable proportional circle map except that these types of maps use a set number of circles and have a range of values for each circle size within the legend. For example, if the number of Irish Catholics were being measured in an area of Boston, MA, there would be a specific number range used within the legend (i.e. 5,000-4,000, 500-400, 50-40, etc). The map above measures the inhabitants of the Communes in Zurich, Switzerland. The legend includes four different sized circles each representing a different number range.

Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map

http://personal.frostburg.edu/krtopping0/maps.htm

Continuously variable proportional circle map are used to represent data. The circles within the maps represent the proportion of the data being measured. For example, if crime rates within areas were being measured. There would be larger circles in areas with higher crime rates and in areas of lower rates there would be smaller circles. The map above measures the number of people killed in road accidents in Europe in 2000. The legend includes a range a numbers with a specific size orange circle associated with each.

Classed Choropleth Map

http://personal.uncc.edu/lagaro/2101/2101_ProjectsS2001/JonathanKozar.html

Classed choropleth maps involved two types of information within the legend; both of range of colors and a range of numbers of what is being measured. In the map above, it measures Beef Cattle Emission in North Carolina in 1992. The legend includes a range of different shades of red which represent a range of emissions; the darker the shade of red, the more emissions released.

DOQQ (Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads)

http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/doqq.html

Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads or DOQQa are digital images of aerial photos. It combines both photograph and map characteristics. The image above in a color DOQQ taken above North Carolina. As you can see, this image has both photograph and map characteristics.

DEM (Digital Elevation Model)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oregon_DEM_relief_map.gif

According to Wikipedia, DEM or Digital Elevation Model are digital or three dimensional representations of surface. Most DEM are of the earth's surface. The map above is a three dimensional model of the state of Oregon. It features the different areas of elevation throughout the whole state by using color and shading.

DLG (Digital Line Graph)

http://weather.unisys.com/usgs/3sec/index.php

According to the U.S Department of Interior and the U.S Geological Survey Fact Sheet, "Digital line graph (DLG) data are digital representations of cartographic information. DLG’s of map features are digital vectors converted from maps and related sources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) DLG data are classified as large, intermediate, and small scale." The map above features digital elevations of the United States, which each color representing difference elevation levels.


Source: http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07896t.pdf

DRG (Digital Raster Graphic)

http://www.tceq.texas.gov/gis/drg.html

According to Wikipedia, "A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a digital image resulting from scanning a paper USGS topographic map for use on a computer. DRGs created by USGS are typically scanned at 250 dpi and saved as a TIFF. The raster image usually includes the original border information, referred to as the "map collar". The map file is UTM projected and georeferenced to the surface of the earth. DRG's are regularly used in GIS applications." From the definition, a DRG is simply a paper map that is created into a digital image. More can be done with an image on a computer. In the map above, it features Walter Beach and the surrounding area of Austin, TX. This map is a digital image from a topographic map.

Black & White Aerial Photo

http://freegeographytools.com/2007/georeferenced-terraserver-imagery-with-usaphotomaps

Black and white aerial photography is photos taken from satellites, balloons, aircraft, etc. Black and white aerial photos have been used since the techonology first existed. It was used by the military to look at enermies from long range distances. The photo above is simply an aerial image taken of Tuscon, AZ.

Bivariate Choropleth Map

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/GEOG321/14_multivariate02/multivariate.html

Bivariate choropleth are maps that display two variable on a single map. Those variable may be identified by different colors or symbols. In the map above, the two variable shown are population density in 1990 and population change from 1990 to 2000.    

Isopach

http://seeps.geol.ucsb.edu/pages/isopach.html

According to the Merrian-Webster online dictionary, Isopach is “an isoline that connects points of equal thickness of a geological stratum formation or group of formations.” The map above is an Isopach map featuring the coast of Santa Barbara, CA. The different colors represent the amounts of sediment on the ocean floor, pink represents the greatest thickness.

Isohyet

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0808/S00090.htm

According to the Merrian-Webster online dictionary, Isohyet is “a line on a map or chart connecting areas of equal rainfall.” The map above features the Taranak region of New Zealand. This isohyet map indicates different amounts of rainfall in August 2008.

Isotach

http://wxmaps.org/pix/euro.jet.html

According to the Merrian-Webster online dictionary, Isotach are “lines on a map or chart connecting points of equal wind speed.” This map features many different isotachs. The purple shading indicates a wind  speed of 200 millibars m/s. The streamlines indicate direction of the wind. The other colors are other speeds of the wind.

Isobar

http://stormeyes.org/pietrycha/vortex/floyd/floydtornadoes.html

According to dictionary.com, Isobars are “a line drawn on a weather map or chart that connects points at which the barometric pressure is the same.” The map above features Isobars from Hurricane Floyd from 1999. The solid lines represent the Isobars which are measured in millibars.

LIDAR

http://cintos.org/LiDAR_images/index.html

LIDAR or Light, Detection and Ranging is a type of remote sensing in which it measures distance to a object using light. The map above is of Rex, NC. According to the website, the map "was generated in the Global Mapper GIS program using LiDAR data from the USGS. The colors shown are an indication of topographic elevation, from 16 m AMSL in the lower right, to 76 m in upper left."

Doppler Radar

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2311.htm

Doppler radar is radar that uses the Doppler effect to produce data about distance objects. According to the Merrian-Webster online dictionary, The Doppler effect is “a change in the frequency with which waves (as of sound or light) from a given source reach an observer when the source and the observer are in motion with respect to each other so that the frequency increases or decreases according to the speed at which the distance is decreasing or increasing.” One major use of the Doppler radar is in Meteorology. The map above features Hurricane Francis hitting the east coast of Florida.

Infrared Aerial Photo

http://www.cedareden.com/massena/gis.html

Infrared aerial photo is photography taken of the ground from a distance object in the air, such as a satellite, aircraft, rocket, balloon, etc. This photo was taken of Town of Massena, NY. Although the use of the photo wasn't clear, I believe it was used for land use, zoning, or environmental use.

Cartographic Animations

http://www.viewsoftheworld.net/?p=1199

Cartographic animations involve the aspects of cartograms with the use of different elements, such as lines and dots to represent data. The difference from regular cartograms is the use of animation. The cartogram above features population of London. The map features animation in which with each year change, the map's colors change in reference to the migration of the population from 2001-2031.

Statistical Map

http://seattlebubble.com/blog/2006/09/11/mapping-housing-market-health/

According to  McGraw-Hill Science & Technology Dictionary: via answers.com a Statistical map is “A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated; a dot map is one type. In the map above, it features new and refinanced mortgages into loans with different payment options. The darker the color, the higher the averages.

Cartogram

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-439315/How-world-really-shapes-up.html

Cartograms are simplified data condensed into a visual representation on a map. These maps use lines, dots, and other symbols to represent different types of data. In the map above, it features the wealth of nations in 2002. The size of each country is a reflection of its wealth; the more wealthier countries are larger.

Flow

http://www.mekongmigration.org/?page_id=25

Flow maps are a type of map used to layout sequences, like directions or ordering of thoughts. They can also be used to show the movement or “flow” of things. In the flow map, it features the migration into and out of southeast Asia.

Isoline

http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/355/links.html

Isoline maps are used to show three-dimensional models as two-dimensional. Isoline maps are used to show a number of different things, some of which include difference in temperature on weather maps as well as populations of people around the world. The map above features what Isolines look like on a map and how they're read.

Dot Distribution

http://udel.edu/~patronea/frec480/proj1/

Dot distribution maps are maps in which dots are used to represent spatial patterns. For example, a map could represent the population density of the United States using dots. Larger dots or a more distribution of dots would represent larger populations in certain areas of the United States. The map above features, the United States population in 2000. Each dot represents 10,000 people.

Propaganda Map

http://www.infomercantile.com/blog/labels/maps.html

Propaganda maps are a way of informing others of specific ideas. These "ideas" could be bias or rumors. I believe propaganda tend to be more political is nature but sometimes it's used to spread ideas to others. These ideas are meant to help or hurt others. In this case, this propaganda map shows wildlife and game in 1956 in the United States. It features several different types of ducks, birds, animal predators, etc. I believe this map is informing others of wildlife across the United States. I don't believe it's intended to be hurtful.

Hypsometric Map

http://www.reliefshading.com/colors/hypsometric.html

Hypsometric maps are defined as map that show elevation with contour lines through the use of color and shading. This map is of Southern France which features the Pyrenees. The red lines indicate borders of France and Spain.

PLSS Map

http://gislounge.com/what-is-the-public-land-survey-and-why-do-we-still-use-it/

PLSS or Public Land Survey System maps are used to survey land in the United States. It was a way of identifying land before it would be sold. The map above features The United States and the states that were  seperated into sections of land within each state highlighted in different colors. It also features principle meridians and baselines within each state. According to Rachel Quist, "Originally established in 1785 by the Land Ordinance, after the revolutionary war, and further refined in 1851 by the General Land Office (now, the Bureau of Land Management), the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is still the primary legal definition of most property in the United States.  The PLSS is used in each state, except for the original thirteen states and a few states in the southwest that were originally surveyed based on Spanish land grant boundaries (notably Texas), and is based on a surveyed prime meridian that runs north south and a baseline that runs east west.  There are 37 principal meridians and each is associated with a baseline."

Cadastral Map

http://www.fig.net/hsm/news/frans_1_2007.htm

According to Wikipedia, "A cadastral map is a map that shows the boundaries and ownership of land parcels. Some cadastral maps show additional details, such as survey district names, unique identifying numbers for parcels, certificate of title numbers, positions of existing structures, section or lot numbers and their respective areas, adjoining and adjacent street names, selected boundary dimensions and references to prior maps." From the definition, Cadastral maps are simply maps that show areas of private land and the boundaries of those properties. In this cadastral map, it features territory the Republic of Austria under Franz I. Other cadastral maps are featured which include more territory. 

Choropleth Map

http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091.htm

Choropleth maps show statistical data using shades or color or patterns. Most data is usually in the form of percentages like percentages of a population or percentages of race in a given area. This map features 7 intervals, which represents percentages of individuals living in poverty. Lower percentages are indicated with shades of purple and larger percentages are indicated with shades of red and orange. According to the map, the majority of individuals living in poverty are spread throughout Texas, New Mexico, and Utah.

Thematic Map

http://cluster3.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/tour/thematic.html

A thematic map is a map of a specific area that has a particular theme associated with it. Thematic maps can be social, political, or physical. There can be other types of thematic maps as well. The map above is a physical thematic map of the forrestry in the Northeast of the United States. The map indicates different types of trees found with this area of the United States. For example, most of the area is covered in different types of Oaks.